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Intan Nirwana ¹, Devi Rianti ¹, R. Helal Soekartono ¹, Rr. Dwi Listyorini ², Desi Putri Basuki ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Dental Materials, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, ID
2 Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, ID

Abstract

Background: Enterococcus faecalis is one of the bacteria that commonly found in ischolar_main canal and pulp infection after ischolar_main canal treatment. Sodium hypochlorite is the most widely used ischolar_main canal irrigation, but it has toxic properties if exposed to periradicular tissues. It is necessary to develop an alternative for ischolar_main canal irrigation. Fig leaf (Ficus carica Linn.) extract contains active substances such as flavonoid, tannin, and terpenoid which have been known for their antibacterial potency.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of fig leaf (F. carica Linn.) extract against E. faecalis and its cytotoxicity on fibroblast cells in vitro.

Materials and Methods: A serial dilution method was used to determine the MBC of fig leaf extract on E. faecalis which grown on nutrient agar media. Inoculation was carried out at concentrations that suspected minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), MBC, concentration between MIC and MBC, and control groups on different nutrient agar. MIC and MBC of fig leaf extract against E. faecalis were known by counting the growth of bacteria colonies on nutrient agar media in CFU/ml. The cytotoxicity of MIC and MBC of the extract acquired were tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the results were read using an ELISA reader. Data of E. faecalis colonies were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney test.

Results: The result showed a significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). Fig leaf extract at a concentration of 50% showed no bacterial growth, and cell viability at this concentration was 77.7%.

Conclusion: Fig leaf extract has antibacterial effect on E. faecalis with MBC at 50% and not cytotoxic to fibroblast cells.

Keywords

Enterococcus faecalis, Fig Leaf (Ficus carica Linn.) Extract, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide Assay.

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Intan Nirwana ¹, Priyawan Rachmadi ¹, Devi Rianti ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Dental Material, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No 47 Surabaya, Jawa Timur-60132, ID

Abstract

Background: Pomegranates fruit extracts have several activities, among others, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidants that have the main content punicalagin and ellagic acid. Pomegranate has the ability of various therapies through different mechanisms. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) function was to form new blood vessels produced by various cells one of them was macrophages. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was a growth factor proven chemotactic, increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen matrix production. In addition, VEGF and PDGF synergize in their ability to vascularize tissues. The PDGF function was to stabilize and regulate maturation of new blood vessels. Activities of pomegranate fruit extract were observed by measuring the increased of VEGF and PDGF expression as a marker of wound healing process.
Aim: To investigate the potential of pomegranate extracts on the tooth extraction wound to increase the expression of VEGF and PDGF on the 4^th day of wound healing process.
Materials and Methods: This study used 12 Cavia cobaya, which were divided into two groups, namely, the provision of 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and pomegranate extract. The 12 C. cobaya would be executed on the 4^th day, the lower jaw of experimental animals was taken, decalcified about 30 days. The expression of VEGF and PDGF was examined using immunohistochemical techniques. The differences of VEGF and PDGF expression were evaluated statistically using t-test.
Results: Statistically analysis showed that there were significant differences between control and treatment groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Pomegranate fruit extract administration increased VEGF and PDGF expression on post-tooth extraction wound.

Keywords

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, Punica granatum Linn. Fruit, Tooth Extraction Wound, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.

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